100 Istilah Ekonomi Dalam Bahasa Inggris

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Jun 21, 2024

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100 Economic Terms in English

A

• Aggregate: The total amount of something, such as aggregate demand or aggregate supply.
• Asset: A resource controlled by an entity that has economic value.
• Autarky: A situation in which a country does not trade with other countries.

B

• Balance of Payments: A record of a country's international transactions.
• Budget: A plan for how to manage one's finances.
• Business Cycle: The fluctuation of economic activity around a long-term growth trend.

C

• Capital: Assets used to produce goods and services.
• Consumer Price Index (CPI): A measure of inflation.
• Crowding Out: When government spending reduces private sector spending.

D

• Demand: The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase.
• Depreciation: A decrease in the value of an asset over time.
• Discount Rate: The interest rate at which a central bank lends to commercial banks.

E

• Economic Growth: An increase in the production of goods and services in an economy.
• Elasticity: The responsiveness of one variable to changes in another variable.
• Entrepreneur: A person who starts and runs a business.

F

• Fiscal Policy: The use of government spending and taxation to influence economic activity.
• Foreign Exchange Market: A market where currencies are traded.
• Free Trade: Trade between countries without tariffs or other trade restrictions.

G

• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The total value of goods and services produced within a country.
• Gini Coefficient: A measure of income inequality.
• Government Shutdown: A situation in which a government is unable to pass a budget and is forced to cease operations.

H

• Hyperinflation: A rapid and uncontrolled increase in prices.
• Human Capital: The skills and education that make a worker productive.

I

• Inflation: A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services.
• Interest Rate: The cost of borrowing money.
• Investment: The act of putting money into a financial asset.

K

• Keynesian Economics: An economic theory that emphasizes the role of government spending in stabilizing the economy.
• Knowledge Economy: An economy in which knowledge and information are key drivers of growth.

L

• Labor Market: The market in which workers are matched with jobs.
• Laissez-Faire: An economic policy that emphasizes minimal government intervention.
• Liquidity: The ability to buy or sell an asset quickly and at a fair price.

M

• Macroeconomics: The study of the economy as a whole.
• Market Failure: A situation in which the market fails to allocate resources efficiently.
• Microeconomics: The study of individual economic units, such as households and firms.

N

• Nationwide: Affecting the entire country.
• ** Nominal GDP**: GDP measured in current prices.
• Nominal Interest Rate: An interest rate that is not adjusted for inflation.

O

• ** Opportunity Cost**: The value of the next best alternative that is given up when a choice is made.
• Output Gap: The difference between actual and potential GDP.

P

• Per Capita GDP: GDP per person in a country.
• Phillips Curve: A graph that shows the trade-off between inflation and unemployment.
• Price Elasticity: The responsiveness of demand to changes in price.

Q

• Quantitative Easing: A monetary policy in which a central bank creates new money to buy assets.
• Quota: A government-imposed limit on the quantity of a good or service that can be imported or exported.

R

• Recession: A period of negative economic growth.
• ** Rent**: A payment made to the owner of a resource.
• Risk Premium: The extra return required to compensate for a higher level of risk.

S

• Scarcity: The fundamental economic problem of unlimited wants and limited resources.
• Supply: The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to produce.
• Surplus: A situation in which supply exceeds demand.

T

• Tariff: A tax on imported goods.
• Tax: A compulsory payment to the government.
• Trade Deficit: A situation in which a country imports more goods and services than it exports.

U

• Unemployment Rate: The percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.
• Utility: The satisfaction or happiness gained from consuming a good or service.

V

• Velocity of Money: The rate at which money is spent and respent in the economy.

W

• Wage: The payment made to a worker for their labor.
• **World Trade