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Article 79 To 123 Of Indian Constitution

8 min read Sep 05, 2024
Article 79 To 123 Of Indian Constitution

Articles 79 to 123 of the Indian Constitution: The Framework of the Indian Parliament

Articles 79 to 123 of the Indian Constitution deal with the Parliament of India, the legislative body responsible for making laws for the country. These articles outline the structure, composition, powers, and procedures of the Indian Parliament.

Composition of the Indian Parliament

  • Article 79: Establishes the Indian Parliament as a bicameral legislature, consisting of:
    • The President of India: The head of the Indian state, with certain legislative powers.
    • The Council of States (Rajya Sabha): The upper house, also known as the "Council of States," with 250 members, representing the states and union territories.
    • The House of the People (Lok Sabha): The lower house, also known as the "House of the People," with 545 members, elected directly by the people of India.

Powers of the Parliament

  • Article 81: Defines the composition of the Lok Sabha, specifying its members and their election process.
  • Article 82: Outlines the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to different states and union territories.
  • Article 83: Stipulates the duration of the Lok Sabha, which is five years from the date of its first meeting, unless dissolved earlier.
  • Article 84: Defines the qualifications and disqualifications of members of Parliament.
  • Article 85: Grants the President the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha.
  • Article 86: Determines the manner of summoning and proroguing of sessions of the Parliament.
  • Article 87: Specifies the manner in which the President addresses both Houses of Parliament.
  • Article 88: Deals with the appointment of a Speaker and Deputy Speaker for the Lok Sabha.
  • Article 89: Provides for the establishment of a Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President.
  • Article 90: Determines the procedure for filling vacancies in the Lok Sabha.
  • Article 91: Outlines the process for electing the President of India.
  • Article 92: Deals with the qualifications and disqualifications of the President.
  • Article 93: Determines the manner of summoning and proroguing of sessions of the Parliament.
  • Article 94: Specifies the procedure for removal of the President.
  • Article 95: Outlines the manner in which the President can address both Houses of Parliament.
  • Article 96: Deals with the oath of office of the President.
  • Article 97: Establishes the procedure for the impeachment of the President.
  • Article 98: Deals with the salary and allowances of the President.
  • Article 99: Specifies the procedure for holding joint sittings of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
  • Article 100: Deals with the voting rights of members of Parliament.
  • Article 101: Outlines the procedure for disqualifying a member of Parliament.
  • Article 102: Specifies the conditions for the vacation of seats in Parliament.
  • Article 103: Deals with the decision of the President on questions of disqualification of members.
  • Article 104: Deals with the powers and functions of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
  • Article 105: Provides for the freedom of speech and debate in Parliament.
  • Article 106: Deals with the publication of proceedings of Parliament.
  • Article 107: Deals with the power of Parliament to make laws.
  • Article 108: Deals with the power of Parliament to pass money bills.
  • Article 109: Outlines the procedure for passing bills in Parliament.
  • Article 110: Defines the characteristics of a money bill.
  • Article 111: Deals with the assent of the President to bills passed by Parliament.
  • Article 112: Deals with the annual financial statement (budget) presented by the government.
  • Article 113: Deals with the provisions relating to supplementary, excess, and vote-on-account grants.
  • Article 114: Deals with the appropriation bills.
  • Article 115: Deals with the procedure for voting on demands for grants.
  • Article 116: Deals with the procedure for passing resolutions relating to the taxes.
  • Article 117: Deals with the power of the President to promulgate ordinances.
  • Article 118: Deals with the appointment of officers and staff of Parliament.
  • Article 119: Deals with the privileges and immunities of members of Parliament.
  • Article 120: Deals with the rules of procedure of Parliament.
  • Article 121: Deals with the power of the Supreme Court to adjudicate disputes relating to the election of members of Parliament.
  • Article 122: Deals with the power of the President to make rules for the Parliament.
  • Article 123: Deals with the power of the President to issue ordinances when Parliament is not in session.

Significance of Articles 79 to 123

These articles are crucial as they provide the foundation for the Indian parliamentary system. They establish the structure, powers, and procedures of the legislature, ensuring accountability, transparency, and effectiveness in law-making. These articles also safeguard the democratic principles of representation and the rule of law.

In conclusion, Articles 79 to 123 of the Indian Constitution are essential for understanding the functioning of the Indian Parliament, a vital institution in India's democratic system.

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