Are Granddaddy Long Legs Spiders?
The answer to this question is a bit complicated, but the short answer is no, granddaddy long legs are not true spiders. While they share some similarities with spiders, like having eight legs and being arthropods, they are actually more closely related to harvestmen.
What are Harvestmen?
Harvestmen, also known as daddy long legs, belong to the order Opiliones. They are a distinct group of arachnids with unique characteristics that set them apart from spiders:
- One body segment: Harvestmen have a fused head and abdomen, unlike spiders, which have a distinct head, thorax, and abdomen.
- No silk glands: Harvestmen do not produce silk, unlike spiders, which use silk for webs, egg sacs, and other purposes.
- No venom glands: While harvestmen have small claws, they lack venom glands and cannot bite.
- Defensive behavior: When threatened, harvestmen can release a foul-smelling fluid from glands near their legs to deter predators.
Similarities and Differences
While they are not spiders, harvestmen share some similarities with spiders, leading to confusion:
- Eight legs: Both harvestmen and spiders have eight legs.
- Arthropod: Both are members of the arthropod family, which includes insects, crustaceans, and other invertebrates.
- Predators: Both harvestmen and spiders are predators, feeding on small insects and other invertebrates.
Despite these similarities, their distinct characteristics make them separate groups.
Why the Confusion?
The common name "daddy long legs" is used for both true spiders and harvestmen, leading to confusion. However, true daddy long legs spiders (Pholcidae) are a separate spider family with distinct characteristics like producing silk and having venom glands.
Conclusion
While they may look similar to spiders, granddaddy long legs are not true spiders but are members of the Opiliones order, commonly known as harvestmen. Understanding these differences helps to appreciate the diversity of the arachnid world and sheds light on the unique characteristics that distinguish each group.
