A 0.01 M Aqueous Solution of AlCl<sub>3</sub>
A 0.01 M aqueous solution of aluminum chloride (AlCl<sub>3</sub>) is a solution containing 0.01 moles of AlCl<sub>3</sub> dissolved in 1 liter of water. Aluminum chloride is a highly soluble ionic compound, meaning it readily dissociates into its constituent ions when dissolved in water. This dissociation process can be represented by the following equation:
AlCl<sub>3</sub>(s) → Al<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 3Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)
This equation shows that one mole of AlCl<sub>3</sub> produces one mole of aluminum ions (Al<sup>3+</sup>) and three moles of chloride ions (Cl<sup>-</sup>) in solution.
Properties of the Solution
Here are some of the key properties of a 0.01 M aqueous solution of AlCl<sub>3</sub>:
- Conductivity: Due to the presence of free ions, this solution will exhibit high electrical conductivity.
- pH: The solution will be acidic because aluminum ions are hydrolyzed in water, producing hydrogen ions (H<sup>+</sup>) and lowering the pH.
- Color: The solution will be colorless, as both aluminum and chloride ions are colorless in solution.
- Freezing Point Depression: The solution will have a lower freezing point than pure water due to the presence of dissolved solutes.
- Boiling Point Elevation: The solution will have a higher boiling point than pure water due to the presence of dissolved solutes.
Applications
A 0.01 M aqueous solution of AlCl<sub>3</sub> has various applications in different fields:
- Chemical Synthesis: It can be used as a catalyst in organic reactions, particularly in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation.
- Wastewater Treatment: Aluminum chloride is used for coagulation and flocculation in wastewater treatment, removing suspended particles.
- Industrial Processes: It plays a role in the production of aluminum metal, paper, and textiles.
- Laboratory Use: It serves as a reagent in analytical chemistry and various laboratory experiments.
Safety Considerations
It is important to handle a 0.01 M aqueous solution of AlCl<sub>3</sub> with care as it is a corrosive substance. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling this solution. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. If accidental contact occurs, immediately rinse the affected area with plenty of water.
This solution should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.
